Free online VRM to USDZ converter

A VRM avatar must be converted when it needs to open in Apple Quick Look, RealityKit, or another USD-based 3D workflow. USDZ packages are also easier to distribute as a single AR-ready file than a VRM avatar with separate runtime metadata and textures.

What the VRM format is

VRM is an avatar format based on glTF 2.0. It stores a humanoid character, materials, textures, bones, facial expressions, gaze settings, spring-bone behavior, and avatar metadata in a form intended for real-time applications.

VRM files are commonly created or exported by VRoid Studio, Blender with VRM support, Unity, and avatar applications such as VRChat-related tools. You encounter them when downloading VTuber models, editing anime-style characters, or moving humanoid avatars between compatible real-time programs. The file usually has a .vrm extension.

What the USDZ format is

USDZ is a packaged, uncompressed archive of Universal Scene Description data and its referenced assets, including meshes, materials, and textures. Apple uses it for AR Quick Look, RealityKit, and some workflows in iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and visionOS.

A USDZ file is useful when a model must be opened directly from a web page or message, previewed in an Apple AR viewer, or imported into software that supports USD rather than VRM. Its single-file structure avoids broken texture paths, but it does not preserve VRM-specific runtime behavior.

How to convert VRM to USDZ

Desktop conversion with Blender and Reality Converter

1. Install Blender and the VRM Add-on for Blender. In Blender, open Edit → Preferences → Add-ons → Install, select the add-on ZIP, enable it, and apply the change.
2. Import the avatar with File → Import → VRM (.vrm). Check the model in the viewport for missing textures, incorrect scale, transparent materials, and unwanted armature or spring-bone objects.
3. Export an intermediate glTF binary file through File → Export → glTF 2.0. Set the format to glTF Binary (.glb), enable Selected Objects if only the avatar should be included, and export the file.
4. Open the resulting .glb in Apple Reality Converter on macOS. Review the model, materials, texture references, orientation, and scale.
5. Use File → Export or the export control in Reality Converter and choose USDZ. Open the exported file in Quick Look or another USDZ viewer to verify it.

The GLB intermediary transfers the VRM geometry and standard glTF material data into a format that Reality Converter can read. Blender is needed because VRM is not a standard input format for most USDZ utilities.

Conversion without installing desktop software

You can use the free converter on 101convert.com to convert the file without installing software. Download the resulting USDZ and test it in the target application, because online conversion may not preserve VRM shaders, avatar metadata, expressions, or animation controls.

Command-line USD packaging

If a program can export a valid USD stage and its assets, Pixar's OpenUSD tools can package it with usdzip output.usdz scene.usdc textures/albedo.png. This packages USD content; it does not import VRM or translate VRM's humanoid and MToon features, so a VRM-aware importer such as Blender is still required first.

Quality and compatibility limitations

• VRM metadata is not retained: humanoid bone mappings, spring bones, first-person settings, license data, look-at behavior, and VRM version information generally disappear during GLB or USD conversion.
• MToon materials need inspection: VRM avatars often use toon shading, outline effects, matcaps, rim lighting, and transparent hair. USDZ viewers usually support standard physically based materials more reliably than these VRM-specific effects. Rebuild or bake the appearance in Blender when necessary.
• Expressions may not work as expected: VRM blend shapes can be exported as morph targets, but the names, bindings, visemes, and application-specific controls may not survive. Test facial animation rather than assuming it was preserved.
• Textures must be packaged correctly: use common PNG or JPEG textures, avoid external absolute paths, and inspect transparency after export. USDZ is intended to contain its referenced assets rather than depend on the original VRM directory.
• Animation support varies: skeletal animation may transfer through GLB and USD, but spring-bone simulation is not embedded as a generally portable USDZ behavior. A USDZ preview may therefore show a static avatar or only baked animation.
• Check scale and orientation: confirm the model's height and forward direction in Blender before export. Different viewers can interpret up-axis, camera orientation, and unit scale differently.