Convert MLD to AFC

Understanding MLD and AFC file formats

MLD files are typically associated with MIDI-like data used in mobile applications, especially for ringtones or simple music playback on older devices. These files store musical note information, instrument data, and timing, but not actual audio recordings.

AFC files, on the other hand, are audio file containers used by Nintendo GameCube and Wii games. The AFC format is a variant of the ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation) codec, optimized for efficient audio playback in games.

Why convert MLD to AFC?

Converting MLD to AFC is useful if you want to use custom music or sound effects in a GameCube or Wii game, or if you need to adapt MIDI-like music for use in a game engine that requires AFC audio files.

How to convert MLD to AFC

Direct conversion from MLD to AFC is not straightforward, as MLD is a note-based format and AFC is an audio format. The process involves two main steps:

1. Convert MLD to audio (WAV or MP3): Use a MIDI synthesizer or a mobile emulator that can play MLD files and record the output as a standard audio file (such as WAV).
2. Convert audio to AFC: Use a tool like vgmstream or Wii Audio Tool to encode the WAV file into the AFC format.

Recommended software for conversion

• MLD to audio: VGM Music Player or Audacity (with virtual MIDI synth).
• Audio to AFC: vgmstream (command-line tool) or Wii Audio Tool.

For example, after recording your MLD playback as a WAV file, you can use vgmstream with a command like:

vgmstream -o output.afc input.wav

Summary

While there is no direct one-step converter from MLD to AFC, you can achieve the conversion by first rendering the MLD file to an audio format and then encoding that audio into AFC using specialized tools. vgmstream is highly recommended for the final conversion step.